
The Republic of Malta is a small and densely populated island nation in
southern Europe. It consists of an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea
directly south of Italy. These strategically located islands have been ruled
and fought over by various powers over the centuries. The country consists of the islands of Malta, Gozo,
Kemmuna, and two uninhabited islets. Malta is a tiny country, covering a
total area of just 316 sq km (122 sq mi). Deep channels separate the islands,
the largest of which is the island of Malta. The capital city and leading
port is Valletta, on Malta.
The Maltese islands are the rocky peaks of limestone mountains that rise
from the sea south of Sicily. Sandy beaches break the rocky coastlines in
some places. Washed by warm, clear waters, the islands are renowned for
excellent diving. Summers are warm and dry, thanks in part to the hot
sirocco winds that blow in from the Sahara to the south. Rainfall and
fresh water are scarce, forcing residents to rely on desalinization plants
for a stable water supply.
Malta was home to an ancient civilization. Prehistoric megalithic
monuments dot the countryside. These include extensive stone temple
complexes that predate Stonehenge and the pyramids of Egypt by many
centuries. Much of Malta’s medieval architecture, from Norman cathedrals to
baroque and Renaissance palaces, remains well-preserved. Narrow cobblestone
streets wind through ancient fortified cities. In summer tourists flock to
Malta to enjoy its balmy weather, picturesque cities and countryside, and
archeological riches. |